Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Anti-Ulcer Agents/administration & dosage , Esomeprazole/administration & dosage , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/prevention & control , Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage/therapy , Proton Pump Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Administration, Oral , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Hemostasis, Endoscopic , Infusions, Intravenous , Recurrence , Reproducibility of Results , Secondary Prevention , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Background: In Chile, gastric cancer (GC) is a major cause of cancer related deaths. The current screening strategy consists of an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) for people aged 40 years or more with epigastric pain. Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic coverage of the use of UGE for early detection of GC in Chile. Material and Methods: As part of the digestive module of the 2009-10 National Health Survey, 5293 adults over 15 years were asked about the presence of epigastric pain, possible upper gastrointestinal bleeding (PUGB), use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or histamine H2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs), family history of GC and having performed an UGE. Results: Persistent epigastric pain was observed in 3.4% of the population. PUGB signs were observed in 3.3% of the population. The prevalence of PPIs and H2RAs use was 4.3% and 2.2% respectively, reaching 21.6% in people aged 70 years and older. Life span prevalence of UGE was 18.3%, with differences by region, health insurance and educational level. UGE coverage in people aged 40 years or older with and without persistent epigastric pain was 14.4% and 3.2% respectively (Odds ratio 4.8, p < 0.01). The prevalence of UGE was similar among people with or without PUGB or family history of CG. Conclusions: The estimated coverage of the current GC prevention strategy in Chile is 14.4%, evaluated at a population level. Further studies are required to determine the impact of this strategy on early GC diagnosis and mortality.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/statistics & numerical data , Health Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data , Stomach Neoplasms/prevention & control , Abdominal Pain/drug therapy , Abdominal Pain/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Chile/epidemiology , Educational Status , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/methods , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/epidemiology , /therapeutic use , Mass Screening/methods , Multivariate Analysis , Prevalence , Proton Pump Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data , Sex Distribution , Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis , Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Background: In Chile, gallbladder cancer (GBC) is one of the most important causes of death and gallstone disease (GSD) is its main risk factor. Abdominal ultrasonography (AU) is used for the diagnosis of GSD and cholecystectomy is used to prevent it. Aim: To estimate GSD prevalence in the general population and to assess the diagnostic and therapeutic coverage of GSD as a preventive strategy for GBC in Chile. Material and Methods: A standardized digestive symptoms questionnaire of the 2009-2010 Chilean National Health Survey was answered by 5412 adults over 15 years old. Self-reports of AU, GBD and cholecystectomies were recorded. Results: The prevalence of biliary-type pain was 7.1%. During the last five years, the prevalence of AU was 16%. GSD was reported in 20% of these tests and 84% of them were asymptomatic. The prevalence of AU was significantly lower in Araucanía region and among people with less than 12 years of education. Life cholecystectomy prevalence was 11% and reached 40% in people aged over 60 years. Women accounted for 75% of total cholecystectomies. Twenty-one percent of individuals who referred biliary-type pain, were studied with an AU. Only 60% of people with GSD confirmed by AU underwent a cholecystectomy. Conclusions: GSD affects at least 27% of the Chilean adult population. Important deficits and inequities in GSD diagnostic and therapeutic coverage were identified.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental , Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism , Sertoli Cells/metabolism , Antioxidants , Catalase/genetics , Catalase/metabolism , Cell Differentiation , Glutathione Transferase/genetics , Glutathione Transferase/metabolism , Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Rats, Wistar , Sertoli Cells/cytology , Superoxide Dismutase/genetics , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolismABSTRACT
Antecedentes: El prolapso de los órganos pelvianos (POP) es una enfermedad prevalente. Los pesarios vaginales son una opción de tratamiento. Algunos especialistas prefieren la cirugía como el tratamiento de elección. Objetivo: Describir la respuesta subjetiva y complicaciones asociadas al uso de pesarios en pacientes <65 años con POP en el Hospital Dr. Sotero del Río. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con POP sintomático <65 años con indicación de pesario, entre julio de 2009 y noviembre de 2012. Para la evaluación de los resultados subjetivos del uso de pesarios, se utilizó la escala PGI-I. Resultados: Cuarenta y nueve pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. En 39 pacientes el fitting fue exitoso. Veinticinco de las 39 pacientes, fueron capaces de acceder y usar el pesario, de las cuales 6 abandonaron el tratamiento. La mediana de la edad fue 62,5 años. Un 48 por ciento eran sexualmente activas. La mediana de seguimiento fue 9 semanas. Según POP-Q un 60 por ciento se encontraba en etapa III. El tipo de pesario más utilizado fue el Gellhorn. Trece pacientes presentaron efectos adversos, siendo lo más frecuente el flujo vaginal (40 por ciento). La respuesta subjetiva de mejoría estuvo disponible en 15 (64 por ciento) de 25 pacientes. Un 88 por ciento notaron mejoría subjetiva importante. Conclusión: El uso de pesarios vaginales en pacientes menores de 65 años con POP es factible, asociado a mejoría subjetiva de los síntomas, con baja tasa de complicaciones. Son necesarios estudios prospectivos de mayor tamaño muestral para evaluar este subgrupo.
Background: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common disease. Vaginal pessaries are a treatment option. Some specialists prefer surgery as the treatment of choice. Objective: To describe the subjective response and complications associated with the use of pessaries in patients <65 years old with POP in Dr. Sotero del Rio Hospital. Methods: Retrospective study of patients with symptomatic POP <65 and use pessary between July 2009 and November 2012. And assessment of the subjective results of using the PGI-I pessaries scale was used. Results: 49 patients met the inclusion criteria. In 39 patients the fitting was successful. 25 of 39 patients were able to access and use the pessary. 6 patients discontinued treatment. The median age was 62.5 years. 48 percent were sexually active. Median follow-up was 9 weeks. According POP-Q 60 percent were in stage III. The type of pessary was the most used Gellhorn. 13 patients had adverse effects. The subjective response improvement was available in 15 (64 percent) of 25 patients. 88 percent noted significant subjective improvement. Conclusion: The use of vaginal pessaries in patients under 65 with POP is feasible, associated with subjective improvement in symptoms, with low complication rate. Prospective studies are needed with larger sample sizes to evaluate this subgroup.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Pessaries , Pelvic Organ Prolapse/therapy , Feasibility Studies , Pessaries/adverse effects , Quality of Life , Retrospective Studies , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Antecedentes: Las enfermedades reumatológicas (ER) se presentan con mayor frecuencia en mujeres en edad fértil. Es durante este período que muchas mujeres consultan por trastornos de los flujos rojos, dismenorrea y prevención del embarazo. Objetivo: Realizar una puesta al día del uso de anticoncepción hormonal (AH) en mujeres jóvenes con ER, especialmente en las portadoras de lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) y artritis reumatoide (AR). Método: Se revisó la literatura en Pubmed para los términos AH en ER, con especial énfasis en guías clínicas y ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Resultados: El uso de AH en pacientes con LES inactivo o con actividad leve no ha mostrado un empeoramiento de la enfermedad. Tampoco existe evidencia categórica que demuestre un mayor riesgo trombótico en aquellas con anticuerpos antifosfolípidos negativos, para las cuales se recomienda el uso de cualquier tipo de AH. En pacientes con AR no se ha demostrado asociación del uso de AH y aumento de la actividad de la enfermedad. Además la interacción farmacológica entre AH y medicamentos reumatológicos es mínima. Existe escasa evidencia del uso de AH en mujeres menores de 18 años con ER. Conclusión: Basado en la evidencia disponible las pacientes con ER con anticuerpos antifosfolípidos negativos podrán utilizar AH según los criterios de la OMS, lo que abre las puertas a mayores alternativas terapéuticas y prevención de embarazo para estas adolescentes y mujeres jóvenes con ER.
Background: Rheumatologic diseases (RD) are most common in women of childbearing age. It is during this period that many women consult for menstrual disorders, dysmenorrhea and pregnancy prevention. Objective: To update the use of hormonal contraception (HC) in young women with RD. Method: Literature was reviewed in PubMed for HC and RD terms, with special emphasis on clinical guidelines and randomized clinical trials. Results: The use of HC in patients with inactive or mild activity systemic lupus erythematosus has not shown a worsening of the disease. Also, there is no evidence demonstrating greater thrombotic risk in those with negative antiphospholipid antibodies, for which the use of any type of HC is recommended. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis an association between use of HC and increases disease activity has not been demonstrated. In addition, there is minimal drug interaction between HC and rheumatologic drugs. There is little evidence of the use of HC in women less than 18 years with RD. Conclusion: Based on the available evidence the patients with RD and negative antiphospholipid antibodies could use HC according to WHO criteria, which leads to greater therapeutic alternatives and pregnancy prevention for these adolescents and young women with RD.